Introduction to NoSQL
A Brief History of NoSQL
I came across this brief history from a blog
NoSQL was in fact first used by Carlo Strozzi in 1998 as the name of the file-based database he was developing. Ironically it’s a relational database just one without a SQL interface. The term re-surfaced in 2009 when Eric Evans used it to name the current surge in non-relational databases.
NoSQL was in fact first used by Carlo Strozzi in 1998 as the name of the file-based database he was developing. Ironically it’s a relational database just one without a SQL interface. The term re-surfaced in 2009 when Eric Evans used it to name the current surge in non-relational databases.
## the 1960s
MultiValue (aka PICK) databases are developed at TRW in 1965.
According to a comment from Scott Jones M[umps] is developed at Mass General Hospital in 1966. It is a programming language that incorporates a hierarchical database with B+ tree storage.
IBM IMS, a hierarchical database, is developed with Rockwell and Caterpillar for the Apollo space program in 1966.
According to a comment from Scott Jones M[umps] is developed at Mass General Hospital in 1966. It is a programming language that incorporates a hierarchical database with B+ tree storage.
IBM IMS, a hierarchical database, is developed with Rockwell and Caterpillar for the Apollo space program in 1966.
## the 1970s
- InterSystems develops the ISM product family succeeded by the Open M product, all M[umps] implementations. See comment from Scott Jones below.
- M[umps] is approved as an ANSI standard language in 1977.
- in 1979 Ken Thompson creates DBM which is released by AT&T. At its core, it is a file-based hash.
## the 1980’s
Several successors to DBM spring into life.- TDBM supporting atomic transactions
- NDBM was the Berkeley version of DBM supporting having multiple databases open at the same time.
- SDBM - another clone of DBM mainly for licensing reasons.
- GT.M is the first version of a key-value store with a focus on high-performance transaction processing. It is open-sourced in 2000.
- BerkeleyDB is created at Berkeley in the transition from 4.3BSD to 4.4BSD. Sleepycat software is started as a company in 1996 when Netscape needed new features for BerkeleyDB. Later acquired by Oracle which still sells and maintains BerkeleyDB.
- Lotus Notes or rather the server part, Lotus Domino, which really is a document database has it’s initial release in 1989, now sold by IBM. It has evolved a lot from the early versions and is now a full office and collaboration suite.
## the 1990’s
- GDBM is the Gnu project clone of DBM
- Mnesia is developed by Ericsson as a soft real-time database to be used in telecom. It is relational in nature but does not use SQL as query language but rather Erlang itself.
- InterSystems Caché launched in 1997 and is a hybrid so-called post-relational database. It has object interfaces, SQL, PICK/MultiValue, and direct manipulation of data structures. It is an M[umps] implementation. See Scott Jones comment below for more on the history of InterSystems
- Metakit is started in 1997 and is probably the first document-oriented database. Supports smaller datasets than the ones in vogue nowadays.
##2000-2005
- This is where the NoSQL train really picks up some momentum and a lot is starting to happen.
- Graph database Neo4j is started in 2000.
- db4o an object database for Java and .net is started in 2000
- QDBM is a re-implementation of DBM with better performance by Mikio Hirabayashi.
- Memcached is started in 2003 by Danga to power Livejournal. Memcached isn’t really a database since it’s memory-only but there is soon a version with file storage called memcachedb.
- Infogrid graph database is started as closed source in 2005, open-sourced in 2008
- CouchDB is started in 2005 and provides a document database inspired by Lotus Notes. The project moves to the Apache Foundation in 2008.
- Google BigTable is started in 2004 and the research paper is released in 2006.
##2006-2010
- JackRabbit is started in 2006 as an implementation of JSR 170 and 283.
- Tokyo Cabinet is a successor to QDBM by (Mikio Hirabayashi) started in 2006
- The research paper on Amazon Dynamo is released in 2007.
- The document database MongoDB is started in 2007 as a part of an open-source cloud computing stack and first standalone release in 2009.
- Facebooks open sources the Cassandra project in 2008
- Project Voldemort is a replicated database with no single-point-of-failure. Started in 2008.
- Dynomite is a Dynamo clone written in Erlang.
- Terrastore is a scalable elastic document store started in 2009
- Redis is a persistent key-value store that started in 2009
- Riak Another dynamo-inspired database started in 2009.
- HBase is a BigTable clone for the Hadoop project while Hypertable is another BigTable type database also from 2009.
- Vertexdb another graph database is started in 2009
- Eric Evans of Rackspace, a committer on the Cassandra project, introduces the term “NoSQL” often used in the sense of “Not Only SQL” to describe the surge of new projects and products.
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Kinshuk Dutta
London
